ADD/ADHD

 

RESEARCH IN THE AREA OF: Neurotherapy

 
  • Alhambra, M. A., Fowler, T. P., & Alhambra, A. A. (1995). EEG biofeedback: A new treatment option for ADD/ADHD. Journal of Neurotherapy, 1(2), 39–43.
  • Arns, M. (2012). EEG-based personalized medicine in ADHD: Individual alpha peak frequency as an endophenotype associated with nonresponse. Journal of Neurotherapy.
  • Arns, M., Conners, C. K., Kraemer, H.C. (2013). A decade of EEG theta/beta ratio research in ADHD: a meta-analysis. Journal of Attention Disorders, 17(5), 374-383. doi: 10.1177/1087054712460087
  • Arns, M, de Ridder, S, Strehl, U, Breteler, M, & Coenen, A. (2009). Efficacy of neurofeedback treatment in ADHD: The effects on inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity: A meta-analysis. Clinical EEG and Neuroscience, 40(3) 180–189.
  • Arns, M., Drinkenburg, W., Kenemans, J. L. (2012). The effects of QEEG-informed neurofeedback in ADHD: an open-label pilot study. Applied Psychophysiology &Biofeedback, 37(3),   171-180. doi: 10.1007/s10484-012-9191-4
  • Arns, M, Feddema, I, & Kenemans, J. (2014) Differential effects of Theta/Beta and SMR neurofeedback in ADHD on sleep onset latency. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 8:1019. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.01019
  • Barabasz, A., & Barabasz, M. (1996). Neurotherapy and alert hypnosis in the treatment of attention deficit disorder. Chapter in S. J. Lynn, I. Kirsch, & J. W. Rhue (Eds.), Casebook of Clinical Hypnosis. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association Press, 271–292.
  • Barabasz, A., & Barabasz, M. (2000). Treating AD/HD with hypnosis and neurotherapy. Child Study Journal, 30(1), 25–42.
  • Beauregard, M., & Levesque, J. (2006). Functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation of the effects of neurofeedback training on the neural bases of selective attention and response inhibition in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 31(1), 3–20.
  • Becerra J, Fernndez T, Harmony T, Caballero MI, Garcia F, Fernandez-Bouzas A, Santiago-Rodriguez E, Prado-Alcalá RA. (2006) "Follow-up study of Learning Disabled children treated with Neurofeedback or placebo." Clinical EEG & Neuroscience, 37 (3), 198–203.
  • Bink, M., Nieuwenhuizen, C., Popma, A., Bongers, I., Boxtel, G. (2015). Behavioral effects of neurofeedback in adolescents with ADHD: a randomized controlled trial. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 24(9), 1035-1048. doi: 10.1007/s00787-014-0655-3
  • Boyd, W. D., & Campbell, S. E. (1998). EEG biofeedback in the schools: The use of EEG biofeedback to treat ADHD in a school setting. Journal of Neurotherapy, 2(4), 65–71.
  • Breteler, M. H. M., Arns, M., Peters, S., Giepmans, I., & Verhoeven, L. (2010). Improvements in spelling after QEEG-based neurofeedback in dyslexia: A randomized controlled treatment study. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 35(1), 5–11.
  • Breteler, R., Pesch, W., Nadorp, M. (2012) Neurofeedback in residential children and adolescents with mild mental retardation and ADHD behavior. Journal of Neurotherapy.
  • Carmody, D. P., Radvanski, D. C., Wadhwani, S., Sabo, J. J., & Vergara, L. (2001). EEG biofeedback training and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in an elementary school setting. Journal of Neurotherapy, 4(3), 5–27.
  • Carter, J. L., & Russell, H. L. (1991). Changes in verbal performance IQ discrepancy scores after left hemisphere frequency control training: A pilot report. American Journal of Clinical Biofeedback, 4(1), 66–67
  • Cunningham, M., & Murphy, P. (1981). The effects of bilateral EEG biofeedback on verbal, visuospatial and creative skills in LD male adolescents. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 14(4), 204–208.
  • Drechsler R, Straub M, Doehnert M, Heinrich H, Steinhausen H, Brandeis D. (2007). Controlled evaluation of a neurofeedback training of slow cortical potentials in children with ADHD. Behavioral & Brain Functions, 3, 35.
  • Dupuy, E. F., & Clarke, A.(2012). EEG activity in females with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder.
  • Egner, T., & Gruzelier, J. H. (2001). Learned self-regulation of EEG frequency Components affects attention and event-related brain potentials in humans. NeuroReport, 12, 4155–4159.
  • Egner, T., & Gruzelier, J. H. (2004). EEG biofeedback of low beta band components: Frequency-specific effects on variables of attention and event-related brain potentials. Clinical Neurophysiology, 115, 131–139.
  • Escolano, C., Navarro-Gil, M., Garcia-Campayo, J., Congedo, M., Minguez, J. (2014). The effects of individual upper alpha neurofeedback in ADHD: an open-label pilot study. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 39(3-4), 193-202. doi: 10.1007/s10484-014-9257-6
  • Eugene, A. L., Arns, M., Conners, K. deBeus, R., Hirshberg, L., Kerson, C. … Monastra, V. (2013). A proposed multisite double-blind randomized clinical trial of neurofeedback for ADHD: need, rationale, and strategy. Journal of Attention Disorders, 17(5), 420–436. doi: 10.1177/1087054713482580
  • Eugene, A. L., Lofthouse, N., Hersch, S., Pan, X., Hurt, E., Bates, B., … Grantier, C. (2013). EEG neurofeedback for ADHD: double-blind sham-controlled randomized pilot feasibility trial. Journal of Attention Disorders, 17(5), 410–419. doi: 10.1177/1087054712446173
  • Fehmi, L. G. (2007). Multichannel EEG phase synchrony training and verbally guided attention training for disorders of attention. Chapter in J. R. Evans (Ed.), Handbook of Neurofeedback. Binghampton, NY: Haworth Medical Press, 301–319.
  • Fehmi, L. G. (1978). EEG biofeedback, multichannel synchrony training, and attention. Chapter in A. A. Sugarman & R. E. Tarter (Eds.), Expanding Dimensions of Consciousness. New York: Springer.
  • Fehmi, L. G., & Selzer, F. A. (1980). Biofeedback and attention training. Chapter in S. Boorstein (Ed.), Transpersonal Psychotherapy. Palo Alto: Science and Behavior Books.
  • Fernandez, T., Herrera, W., Harmony, T., Diaz-Comas, L., Santiago, E., Sanchez, L., Bosch, J., Fernandez-Bouzas, A., Otero, G., Ricardo-Garcell, J., Barraza, C., Aubert, E., Galan, L., & Valdes, P. (2003). EEG and behavioral changes following neurofeedback treatment in learning disabled children. Clinical Electroencephalography, 34(3), 145–150.
  • Fleischman, M. J., & Othmer, S. (2005). Case study: Improvements in IQ score and maintenance of gains following EEG biofeedback with mildly developmentally delayed twins. Journal of Neurotherapy, 9(4), 35–46.
  • Foks, M. (2005). Neurofeedback training as an educational intervention in a school setting: How the regulation of arousal states can lead to improved attention and behaviour in children with special needs. Educational & Child Psychology, 22(3), 6777.
  • Fox, D. J., Tharp, D. F., & Fox, L. C. (2005). Neurofeedback: An alternative and efficacious treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 30(4), 365–274.
  • Fritson, K. K., Wadkins, T. A., Gerdes, P., & Hof, D. (2007). The impact of neurotherapy on college students’ cognitive abilities and emotions. Journal of Neurotherapy, 11(4), 1–9.
  • Fuchs, T., Birbaumer, N., Lutzenberger, W., Gruzelier, J. H., & Kaiser, J. (2003). Neurofeedback treatment for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children: A comparison with methylphenidate. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 28, 112.
  • Gani C., Birbaumer N. & Strehl U.(2008). Long term effects after feedback of slow cortical potentials and of theta-beta amplitudes in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD). International Journal of Bioelectromagnetism, 10(4), 209–232.
  • González-Castro, P., Cueli, M., Rodríguez, C., García, T., Álvarez, L. (2016). Efficacy of neurofeedback versus pharmacological support in subjects with ADHD. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 41(1),17-25. doi: 10.1007/s10484-015-9299-4
  • Gross, E., El-Baz-Ayman A, S., Sokhadze, G, E. (2012). Induced EEG gamma oscillation alignment improves differentiation between autism and ADHD group responses in a facial categorization task. Journal of Neurotherapy.
  • Hansen, L. M., Trudeau, D., & Grace, L. (1996). Neurotherapy and drug therapy in combination for adult ADHD, personality disorder, and seizure. Journal of Neurotherapy, 2(1), 6–14.
  • Heinrich, H., Gelvensleben, H, & Strehl, U. (2007). Annotation: Neurofeedback- train your brain to train behavior. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 48(1), 3-16.
  • Heywood, C., Beale, I. (2003). EEG biofeedback vs. placebo treatment for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A pilot study. Journal of Attention, 7(1), 43-55. doi: 10.1177/108705470300700105
  • Hirshberg, L. M. (2007). Place of electroencephalographic biofeedback for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 7(4), 315–319.
  • Hodgson, K., Hutchinson, A. D., Denson, L. (2012). Nonpharmacological treatments for ADHD: a meta-analytic review. Journal of Attention Disorders, 18(4), 275-282. doi: 10.1177/1087054712444732
  • Hong, C., Lee, I. (2012). Effects of neurofeedback training on attention in children with intellectual disability. Journal of Neurotherapy
  • Jackson, G. M., & Eberly, D. A. (1982). Facilitation of performance on an arithmetic task as a result of the application of a biofeedback procedure to suppress alpha wave activity. Biofeedback & Self-Regulation, 7(2), 211–221.
  • Jacobs, E. H. (2005). Neurofeedback treatment of two children with learning, attention, mood, social, and developmental deficits. Journal of Neurotherapy, 9(4), 55–70.
  • Kaiser, D. A., & Othmer, S. (2000). Effect of Neurofeedback on variables of attention in a large multi-center trial. Journal of Neurotherapy, 4(1), 5–15.
  • Kirk, L. (2007). Neurofeedback protocols for subtypes of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Chapter in J. R. Evans (Ed.), Handbook of Neurofeedback. Binghampton, NY: Haworth Medical Press, 267–299.
  • Kotwal, D. B., Burns, W. J., & Montgomery, D. D. (1996). Computer-assisted cognitive training for ADHD: A case study. Behavior Modification, 20(1), 85–96.
  • Kropotov, J. D., Grin-Yatsenko, V. A., Ponomarev, V. A., Chutko, L. S., Yakovenko, E. A., & Nikishena, I. S. (2007). Changes in EEG spectograms, event-related potentials and event-related desynchronization induced by relative beta training in ADHD children. Journal of Neurotherapy, 11(2), 3–11.
  • Kropotov, J. D., Grin-Yatsenko, V. A., Ponomarev, V. A., Chutko, L. S., Yakovenko, E. A., Nildshena, I. S. (2005). ERPs correlates of EEG relative beta training in ADHD children. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 55(1), 23–34.
  • Kwon, H., Cho, J., Lee, E. (2009). EEG asymmetry analysis of the left and right brain activities during simple versus complex arithmetic learning. Journal of Neurotherapy, 13(2), 109–116.
  • Leins, U., Goth, G., Hinterberger, T., Klinger, C., Rumpf, N., & Strehl, U. (2007). Neurofeedback for children with ADHD: A comparison of SCP and theta/beta protocols. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 32(2), 73–88.
  • Levesque, J., Beauregard, M., & Mensour, B. (2006). Effect of neurofeedback training on the neural substrates of selective attention in children with attention–deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Neuroscience Letters, 394(3), 216–221.
  • Linden, M., Habib, T., & Radojevic, V. (1996). A controlled study of the effects of EEG biofeedback on cognition and behavior of children with attention deficit disorder and learning disabilities. Biofeedback & Self-Regulation, 21(1), 35–49.
  • Lofthouse, N., Eugene, A.L., Hersch, S., Hurt, E., DeBeus, R. (2012). A review of neurofeedback treatment for pediatric ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 16(5), 351–372. doi: 10.1177/1087054711427530
  • Loo, S., & Barkley, R. (2005). Clinical utility of EEG in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Applied Neuropsychology, 12(2), 64–76.
  • Lubar, J. F. (1985). EEG biofeedback and learning disabilities. Theory into Practice, 26, 106–111
  • Lubar, J. F. (1995). Neurofeedback for the management of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders. Chapter in M. S. Schwartz (Ed.), Biofeedback: A Practitioner's Guide. New York, Guilford, 493–522.
  • Lubar, J. F. (2003). Neurofeedback for the management of attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorders. Chapter in M. S. Schwartz & F. Andrasik (Eds.), Biofeedback: A Practitioner's Guide (Third Edition New York, Guilford), 409–437.
  • Lubar, J. O., & Lubar, J. F. (1984). Electroencephalographic biofeedback of SMR and beta for treatment of attention deficit disorders in a clinical setting. Biofeedback & Self-Regulation, 9, 1–23.
  • Lubar, J. F., & Shouse, M. N. (1976). EEG and behavioral changes in a hyperactive child concurrent with training of the sensorimotor rhythm (SMR): A preliminary report. Biofeedback & Self-Regulation, 1(3), 293–306.
  • Lubar, J. F., & Shouse, M. N. (1977). Use of biofeedback in the treatment of seizure disorders and hyperactivity. Advances in Clinical Child Psychology, 1, 204–251.
  • Lubar, J. F., Swartwood, M. O., Swartwood, J. N., & O'Donnell, P. H. (1995). Evaluation of the effectiveness of EEG neurofeedback training for ADHD in a clinical setting as measured by changes in T.O.V.A., scores, behavioral ratings, and WISC-R performance. Biofeedback & Self-Regulation, 20(1), 83–99.
  • Lutzenberger W, Elbert T, Rockstroh B, Birbaumer N. (1982) Biofeedback produced slow brain potentials and task performance. Biological Psychology, 14, 99–111.
  • Mayer, K., Wyckoff, S. N. (2012). Neurofeedback for adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Investigation of slow cortical potential neurofeedback-Preliminary results. Journal of Neurotherapy
  • McKnight, J. T., & Fehmi, L. G. (2001). Attention and neurofeedback synchrony training: Clinical results and their significance. Journal of Neurotherapy, 5(1–2), 45–62.
  • Monastra, V. J., (2005). Electroencephalographic biofeedback (neurotherapy) as a treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Rationale and empirical foundation. Child & Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 14(1), 55–82.
  • Monastra, V. J., Lynn, S., Linden, M., Lubar, J. F., Gruzelier, J., & LaVaque, T. J. (2005). Electroencephalographic biofeedback in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 30(2), 95–114.
  • Monastra, V. J., Monastra, D. M., & George, S. (2002). The effects of stimulant therapy, EEG biofeedback, and parenting style on the primary symptoms of attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 27(4), 231–249.
  • Moghanloo, M., Aguilar Vafaie, M. E., Rostami, R., & Farahani, H. (2014). Determination of the Effects of Neurofeedback Training in the Neuropsychological Rehabilitation in Inattentive and Combined Subtypes of Attention Deficit/Hyperativity Disorder. Journal of NeuroRegulation, 1(2), 131-150.
  • Mulholland, T. Goodman, D., & Boudrot, R. (1983). Attention and regulation of EEG alpha-attenuation responses. Biofeedback & Self-Regulation, 8(4), 585–600.
  • Nash, J. K. (2000). Treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder with neurotherapy. Clinical Electroencephalography, 31(1), 30–37.
  • Norris, S. L., Lee, C-T., Burshteyn, D., & Cea-Aravena, J. (2001). The effects of performance enhancement training on hypertension, human attention, stress, and brain wave patterns: A case study. Journal of Neurotherapy, 4(3), 29–44.
  • Norris, S. L., Lee, C., Cea, J., & Burshteyn, D. (1998). Performance enhancement training effects on attention: A case study. Journal of Neurotherapy, 3(1), 19–25.
  • Orlando, P. C., & Rivera, R. O. (2004). Neurofeedback for elementary students with identified learning problems. Journal of Neurotherapy, 8(2), 5–19.
  • Othmer, S., Othmer, S. F., & Kaiser, D. A. (1999). EEG biofeedback: Training for AD/HD and related disruptive behavior disorders. Chapter in J. A. Incorvaia & B. F. Mark-Goldstein, & D. Tessmer (Eds.), Understanding, Diagnosing, & Treating AD/HD in Children and Adolescents. New York: Aronson, 235–297
  • Patrick, G. J. (1996). Improved neuronal regulation in ADHD: An application of 15 sessions of photic-driven EEG neurotherapy. Journal of Neurotherapy, 1(4), 27–36.
  • Perreau-Linck, E., Lessard, N., Lévesque, J., Beauregard, M. (2010). Effects of neurofeedback training on inhibitory capacities in ADHD children: A single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Journal of Neurotherapy, 14(3), 229–242.
  • Pigott, E. H., Bodenhamer-Davis, E., Davis, E. (2013). Ending the evidentiary & insurance reimbursement bias against neurofeedback to treat ADHD: It will take clinician action in addition to the compelling science.  Journal of Neurotherapy
  • Pigott, E. H. & Cannon, R. (2014).  Neurofeedback is the Best Available First-Line Treatment for ADHD: What is the Evidence for this Claim?. Journal of NeuroRegulation, 1(1), 4-23. 
  • Pigott, E. H. & Cannon, R. (2014). Neurofeedback Requires Better Evidence of Efficacy Before It Should Be Considered a Legitimate Treatment for ADHD: What is the Evidence for this Claim?. Journal of NeuroRegulation, 1(1), 25-45. 
  • Pratt, R. R., Abel, H., & Skidmore, J. (1995). The effects of neurofeedback training with background music on EEG patterns of ADD and ADHD children. International Journal of Arts Medicine, 4(1), 24–31.
  • Pulvermuller, F., Mohr, B., Schleichert, H., & Veit, R. (2000). Operant conditioning of left-hemispheric slow cortical potentials and its effect on word processing. Biological Psychology, 53, 177–215.
  • Putman, J. A., Othmer, S. F., Othmer, S., & Pollock, V. E. (2005). TOVA results following interhemispheric bipolar EEG training. Journal of Neurotherapy, 9(1), 37–52.
  • Rasey, H. W., Lubar, J. E., McIntyre, A., Zoffuto, A. C., & Abbott, P. L. (1996). EEG biofeedback for the enhancement of attentional processing in normal college students. Journal of Neurotherapy, 1(3), 15–21.
  • Rockstroh, B., Elbert, T., Lutzenberger, W., & Birbaumer, N. (1990). Biofeedback: Evaluation and therapy in children with attentional dysfunction. Chapter in A. Rothenberger (Ed.), Brain and Behaviour in Child Psychiatry. Berlin: Springer Verlag, 345–357.
  • Ros T, Baars BJ, Lanius RA, & Vuilleumier P. (2014), Tuning pathological brain oscillations with neurofeedback: A systems neuroscience framework. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 8(1008). 
  • Rossiter, T. R. (2004). The effectiveness of neurofeedback and stimulant drugs in treating AD/HD: Part I. Review of methodological issues. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 29(2), 135–140.
  • Rossiter, T. R. (2005). The effectiveness of neurofeedback and stimulant drugs in treating AD/HD: Part II. Replication. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 29(4), 233–243.
  • Rossiter, T. (2002). Neurofeedback for AD/HD: A ratio feedback case study. Journal of Neurotherapy, 6(3), 9–35.
  • Rossiter, T. R. (1998). Patient directed neurofeedback for ADHD. Journal of Neurotherapy, 2(4), 54–63.
  • Rossiter, T. R., & La Vaque, T. J. (1995). A comparison of EEG biofeedback and psychostimulants in treating attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders. Journal of Neurotherapy, 1(1), 48–59.
  • Russell, H. L., & Carter, J. L. (1997). EEG driven audio-visual stimulation unit for enhancing cognitive abilities of learning disordered boys: Final report. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Education (SBIR), Contract number RA94130002.
  • Russell-Chapin, L., Kemmerly, T., Wen-Ching, L., (2013). The effects of neurofeedback in the default mode network: pilot study results of medicated children with ADHD. Journal of Neurotherapy
  • Scheinbaum, S., Zecker, S., Newton, C. J., & Rosenfeld, P. (1995 ). A controlled study of EEG biofeedback as a treatment for attention-deficit disorders. In Proceedings of the 26th Annual Meeting of the Association for Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 131–134.
  • Sheer, D. E. (1975). Biofeedback training of 40-Hz EEG and behavior. Chapter in N. Burch & H. I. Altshuler (Eds.), Behavior and Brain Electrical Activity. New York: Plenum.
  • Sheer, D. E. (1977). Biofeedback training of 40-Hz EEG and behavior. Chapter in J. Kamiya et al., Biofeedback and Self-Control 1976/1977. An Annual Review. Chicago: Aldine.
  • Shin, D. I., Lee, J. H., Lee, S. M., Kim, I. Y., & Kim, S. I. (2004). Neurofeedback training with virtual reality for inattention and impulsiveness. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 7(5), 519–526.
  • Shouse, M. N., & Lubar, J. F. (1979). Operant conditioning of EEG rhythms and Ritalin in the treatment of hyperkinesis. Biofeedback & Self-Regulation, 4(4), 299–311.
  • Stökl-Drax, T. (2014). QEEG and 19-Channel Neurofeedback as a Clinical Evaluation Tool for Children with Attention, Learning, and Emotional Problems. Journal of NeuroRegulation, 1(2), 173-182
  • Sokhadze, E. M., Baruth, J, M. (2012). Event-related potential study of attention regulation during illusory figure categorization task in ADHD, autism spectrum disorder, and typical children.  Journal of Neurotherapy.
  • Stankus, T. (2008). Can the brain be trained? Comparing the literature on the use of EEG biofeedback/neurofeedback as an alternative or complementary therapy for attention deficit disorder (ADHD). Behavioral & Social Sciences Librarian, 26(4), 20–56.
  • Strehl, U., Leins, U., Goth, G., Klinger, C., Hinterberger, T., and Birbaumer, N. (2006). Self-regulation of slow cortical potentials: A new treatment for children with attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics, 118, 1530–1540.
  • Surmeli, T., & Ertem, A. (2007). EEG neurofeedback treatment of patients with Down Syndrome. Journal of Neurotherapy, 11(1), 63–68.
  • Swingle, P. G. (2002). Parameters associated with rapid neurotherapeutic treatment of common ADD (CADD). Journal of Neurotherapy, 5(4), 73–84.
  • Swatzyna, R.J., Tarnow, J. D., Roark, A., Mardick, J. (2016). The utility of EEG in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: a replication study. Clinical EEG Neuroscience. doi: 10.1177/1550059416640441
  • Swingle, P. G. (1996). Sub threshold 10-Hz sound suppresses EEG theta: Clinical application for the potentiation of neurotherapeutic treatment of ADD/ADHD. Journal of Neurotherapy, 2(1), 15–22.
  • Tansey, M. A. (1984). EEG sensorimotor rhythm biofeedback training: Some effects on the neurological precursors of learning disabilities. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 3, 85–99.
  • Tansey, M. A. (1985). Brainwave signatures—An index reflective of the brain=s functional neuroanatomy: Further findings on the effect of EEG sensorimotor rhythm biofeedback training on the neurologic precursors of learning disabilities. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 3, 85–89.
  • Tansey, M. A. (1990). Righting the rhythms of reason: EEG biofeedback training as a therapeutic modality in a clinical office setting. Medical Psychotherapy, 3, 57–68.
  • Tansey, M. A. (1991). Wechsler (WISC-R) changes following treatment of learning disabilities via EEG biofeedback in a private practice setting. Australian Journal of Psychology, 43, 147–153.
  • Tansey, M. A. (1993). Ten-year stability of EEG biofeedback results for a hyperactive boy who failed fourth grade perceptually impaired class. Biofeedback & Self-Regulation, 18, 33–44.
  • Tansey, M. A., & Bruner, R. L. (1983). EMG and EEG biofeedback training in the treatment of 10-year old hyperactive boy with a developmental reading disorder. Biofeedback & Self-Regulation, 8(1), 25–37.
  • Thompson, L., & Thompson, M. (1998). Neurofeedback combined with training in metacognitive strategies: Effectiveness in students with ADD. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 23(4), 243–263.
  • Thornton, K. E., & Carmody, D. P. (2005). Electroencephalogram biofeedback for reading disability and traumatic brain injury. Child & Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 14(1), 137–162.
  • Tinius, T. P., & Tinius, K. A. (2001). Changes after EEG biofeedback and cognitive retraining in adults with mild traumatic brain injury and attention deficit disorder. Journal of Neurotherapy, 4(2), 27–44.
  • Williams, J. (2010). Does neurofeedback help reduce attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder? Journal of Neurotherapy, 14(4), 261–279.
  • Vachon-Presseau, E., Achim, A., Benoit-Lajoie, A. (2009). Direction of SMR and beta change with attention in adults. Journal of Neurotherapy, 13(1), 22–29.
  • Valdez, M. (1985). Effects of biofeedback-assisted attention training in a college population. Biofeedback & Self-Regulation, 10(4), 315–324.
  • Vernon, D., Egner, T., Cooper, N., Compton, T., Neilands, C., Sheri, A., & Gruzelier, J. (2003). The effect of training distinct neurofeedback protocols on aspects of cognitive performance. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 47, 75–85.
  • Vollebregt, M. A., Dongen-Boomsma, M., Buitelaar, J.K., Slaats-Willemse, D. (2014). Does EEG-neurofeedback improve neurocognitive functioning in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder? a systematic review and a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55(5), 460–472. doi:10.1111/jcpp.12143
  • Wadhwani, S., Radvanski, D. C., & Carmody, D. P. (1998). Neurofeedback training in a case of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Neurotherapy, 3(1), 42–49.
  • Walker, J. E., & Norman, C. A. (2006). The neurophysiology of dyslexia: A selective review with implications for neurofeedback remediation and results of treatment in twelve consecutive patients. Journal of Neurotherapy, 10(1), 45–55.
  • Warner, D.A., Barabasz, A., & Barabasz, M. (2000). The efficacy of Barabasz's alert hypnosis and neurotherapy on attentiveness, impulsivity and hyperactivity in children with ADHD. Child Study Journal, 30(1), 43–49.
  • Xiong, Z., Shi, S., & Xu, H. (2005). A controlled study of the effectiveness of EEG biofeedback training on children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, 25(3), 368–370.

Addictive Disorders

  • Burkett, V. S., Cummins, J. M., Dickson, R. M., & Skolnick, M. (2005). An open clinical trial utilizing real-time EEG operant conditioning as an adjunctive therapy in the treatment of crack cocaine dependence. Journal of Neurotherapy, 9(2), 27–48.

  • Callaway, T.G, Bodenhamer-Davis, E. (2008). Long-term follow-up of a clinical replication of the Peniston Protocol for chemical dependency. Journal of Neurotherapy, 12(4), 243–259.

  • deBeus, R. J. (2007). Quantitative electroencephalography-guided versus Scott/Peniston neurofeedback with substance abuse outpatients: A pilot study. Biofeedback, 35(4), 146–151.

  • Dehghani-Arani, F., Rostami, R., Nadali, H. (2013). Neurofeedback training for opiate

    addiction: improvement of mental health and craving. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 38(2), 133-141. doi: 10.1007/s10484-013-9218-5

  • Fahrion, S. L., Walters, E. D., Coyne, L., & Allen, T. (1992). Alterations in EEG amplitude, personality factors and brain electrical mapping after alpha theta brainwave training: A controlled case study of an alcoholic in recovery. Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research, 16, 547–552.

  • Fahrion, S. L. (1995). Human potential and personal transformation. Subtle Energies, 6, 55–88.

  • Goldberg, R. J., et al. (1976). Alpha conditioning as an adjunct treatment for drug dependence: Part I. International Journal of Addiction, 11, 1085–1089.

  • Goldberg, R. J., et al. (1977). Alpha conditioning as an adjunct treatment for drug dependence: Part II. International Journal of Addiction, 12, 195–204.

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Adverse Reactions

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  • Hammond, D. C., & Kirk, L. (2008). First, do no harm: Adverse effects and the need for practice standards in neurofeedback. Journal of Neurotherapy, 12(1), 79–88.

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  • Ochs, L. (2007). Comment on “neurofeedback overtraining and the vulnerable patient. Journal of Neurotherapy, 11(3), 67–71.

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  • Schütze, M., Junghanns, K.  (2015). The difficulty of staying awake during alpha/theta neurofeedback training. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 40(2), 85-94. doi: 10.1007/s10484-015-9278-9

  • Todder, D., Levine, J., Dwolatzky, T., & Kaplan, Z. (2010). Case report: impaired memory and disorientation induced by delta band down-training over the temporal brain regions by neurofeedback treatment. Journal of Neurotherapy, 14(2), 153–155.

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Anxiety


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Autism and Asperger's 


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Chronic Fatigue and Fibromyalgia 


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Cognitive Decline


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Cognitive Enhancement 


  • Martin, G., & Johnson, C. L. (2005). The Boys Totem Town Neurofeedback Project: A pilot study of EEG biofeedback with incarcerated juvenile felons. Journal of Neurotherapy, 9(3), 71–86.

  • Quirk, D. A. (1995). Composite biofeedback conditioning and dangerous offenders: III. Journal of Neurotherapy, 1(2), 44–54.

  • Smith, P. N., & Sams, M. W. (2005). Neurofeedback with juvenile offenders: A pilot study in the use of QEEG-based and analog-based remedial neurofeedback training. Journal of Neurotherapy, 9(3), 87–99

Criminals and Juvenile Offenders


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  • Baehr, E., & Baehr, R. (1997). The use of brainwave biofeedback as an adjunctive therapeutic treatment for depression: Three case studies. Biofeedback, 25(1), 10–11.

  • Baehr, E., Miller, E., Rosenfeld, J. P., & Baehr, R. (2004). Changes in frontal brain asymmetry associated with premenstrual dysphoric disorder: A single case study. Journal of Neurotherapy, 8(1), 29–42.

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  • Berg, K., Siever, D. (2009). A controlled comparison of audio-visual entrainment for treating Seasonal Affective Disorder. Journal of Neurotherapy, 13(3), 166–175.

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  • Cheon, E. J., Koo, B. H., Seo, W. S., Lee, J. Y., Choi, J. H., Song, S. H. (2015). Effects of neurofeedback on adult patients with psychiatric disorders in a naturalistic setting. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 40(1), 17-24. doi: 10.1007/s10484-015-9269-x

  • Choobforoushzadeh, A., Neshat-Doost, H., Molavi, H., Abedi, M. (2015). Effect of neurofeedback training on depression and fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 40(1), 1-8. doi: 10.1007/s10484-014-9267-4

  • Hammond, D. C. (2005). Neurofeedback with anxiety and affective disorders. Child & Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 14(1), 105–123

  • Hammond, D. C. (2001). Neurofeedback treatment of depression with the Roshi. Journal of Neurotherapy, 4(2), 45–56.

  • Hammond, D. C. (2002). Neurofeedback training for anger control. Journal of Neurotherapy, 5(4), 98–103.

  • Hardman, E., Gruzelier, J., Chessman, K., Jones, C., Liddiard, D., Schleichert, H., & Birbaumer, N. (1997). Frontal interhemispheric asymmetry: Self-regulation and individual differences in humans. Neuroscience Letters, 221, 117–120.

  • Jenkins, P., & Moore, W. H. (1985).The effects of visual feedback on hemispheric alpha asymmetries and reported processing strategies: A single-subject experimental design. Brain & Cognition, 4(1), 47–58.

  • Kotchoubey, B., Schleichert, H., Lutzenberger, W., Anokhin, A. P., & Birbaumer, N. (1996). Self-regulation of interhemispheric asymmetry in humans. Neuroscience Letters, 215, 91–94.

  • Kumano, H., Horie, H., Shidara, T., Kuboki, T. et al. (1996). Treatment of a depressive disorder patient with EEG-driven photic stimulation. Biofeedback & Self-Regulation, 21(4), 323–334.

  • Putman, J. A., (2002). EEG biofeedback on a female stroke patient with depression: A case study. Journal of Neurotherapy, 5(3), 27–38.

  • Raymond, J., Varney, C., Parkinson, L. A., & Gruzelier, J. H. (2005). The effects of alpha/theta neurofeedback on personality and mood. Cognitive Brain Research, 23, 287–292.

  • Rosenfeld, J. P. (2000). An EEG biofeedback protocol for affective disorders. Clinical Electroencephalography, 31(1), 7–12.

  • Rosenfeld, J. P. (1997). EEG biofeedback of frontal alpha asymmetry in affective disorders. Biofeedback, 25(1), 8–25.

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  • Rosenfeld, J. P., Cha, G., Blair, T., & Gotlib, I. (1995). Operant biofeedback control of left-right frontal alpha power differences. Biofeedback & Self-Regulation, 20, 241–258.

  • Saxby, E., & Peniston, E. G. (1995). Alpha-theta brainwave neurofeedback training: an effective treatment for male and female alcoholics with depressive symptoms. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 51, 685–693.

  • Schneider, F., Heimann, H., Mattes, R., Lutzenberger, W., & Birbaumer, N. (1992). Self-regulation of slow cortical potentials in psychiatric patients: Depression. Biofeedback & Self-Regulation, 17, 203–214.

  • Uhlmann, C., & Froscher, W. (2001). Biofeedback treatment in patients with refractory epilepsy: Changes in depression and control orientation. Seizure, 10, 34–38.

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  • Walker, J., (2013). QEEG-guided neurofeedback for anger/anger control disorder.  Journal of Neurotherapy

Depression and Hemispheric Asymmetry


  • Jacobs, R.L. (2009). Rhythms of healing: A case study. Journal of Neurotherapy, 13(4), 228–238.

  • Manchester, C., Allen, T., & Tachiki, K. H. (1998). Treatment of dissociative identity disorder with neurotherapy and group self-exploration. Journal of Neurotherapy, 2(4), 40–53.

  • Mason, L. A., & Brownback, T. S. (2001). Optimal functioning training with EEG biofeedback for clinical populations: A case study. Journal of Neurotherapy, 5(1–2), 3344.

Dissociative Disorders 


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  • Finley, W. W. (1976). Effects of sham-feedback following successful SMR training in an epileptic: A follow-up study. Biofeedback & Self-Regulation, 1, 227–235.

  • Finley, W. W. (1977). Operant conditioning of the EEG in two patients with epilepsy: Methodologic and clinical considerations. Pavlovian Journal of Biological Science, 12(2), 93–111.

  • Finley, W. W., Smith, H. A., & Etherton, M. D. (1975). Reduction of seizures and normalization of the EEG in a severe epileptic following sensorimotor biofeedback training: Preliminary study. Biological Psychiatry, 2, 189–203.

  • Fischer-Williams, M., & Clifford, B. C. (1988). Biofeedback treatment of patients with seizures: A pilot study of EEG feedback. Electroencephalography & Clinical Neurophysiology, 70(1), 18.

  • Hanson, L. M., Trudeau, D. L., & Grace, D. L. (1996). Neurotherapy and drug therapy in combination for adult ADHD, personality disorder, and seizure disorder: A case report. Journal of Neurotherapy, 2(1), 6–14.

  • Kaplan, B. J. (1975). Biofeedback in epileptics: Equivocal relationship of reinforced EEG frequency to seizure reduction. Epilepsia, 16, 477–485.

  • Kotchoubey, B., Busch, S., Strehl, U., & Birbaumer, N. (1999). Changes in EEG power spectra during biofeedback of slow cortical potentials in epilepsy. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 24(4), 213–233.

  • Kotchoubey, B., Strehl, U., Uhlmann, C., Holzapfel, S., Konig, M., Froscher, W., Blankenhorn, V., & Birbaumer, N. (2001). Modification of slow cortical potentials in patients with refractory epilepsy: A controlled outcome study. Epilepsia, 42(3), 406–416.

  • Kuhlman, W. N. (1978). EEG feedback training of epileptic patients: Clinical and electroencephalographic analysis. Electroencephalography & Clinical Neurophysiology, 45(6), 699–710.

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  • Lantz, D., & Sterman, M. B. (1988). Neuropsychological assessment of subjects with uncontrolled epilepsy: Effects of EEG biofeedback training. Epilepsia, 29(2), 163–171.

  • Legarda, S., McMahon, D., Othmer, S., and Othmer, S. F. (2011). Clinical Neurofeedback: Case Studies, Proposed Mechanism, and Implications for Pediatric Neurology Practice. Journal of Child Neurology,(26)8:1045-1051.

  • Lubar, J. F., & Bahler, W. W. (1976). Behavioral management of epileptic seizures following EEG biofeedback training of the sensorimotor rhythm. Biofeedback & Self-Regulation, 7, 77–104.

  • Lubar, J. F., Shabsin, H. S., Natelson, S. E. et al. (1981). EEG operant conditioning in intractable epileptics. Archives of Neurology, 38, 700–704.

  • Lubar, J. F., & Shouse, M. N. (1977). Use of biofeedback in the treatment of seizure disorders and hyperactivity. Advances in Clinical Child Psychology, 1, 204–251.

  • Monderer, R. S., Harrison, D. M., & Haut, S. R. (2002). Review: Neurofeedback and epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior, 3, 214–218.

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  • Rockstroh, B., Elbert, T., Birbaumer, N., Wolf, P., Duchting-Roth, A., Reker, M., Daum, I., Lutzenberger, W., & Dichgans, J. (1993). Cortical self-regulation in patients with epilepsies. Epilepsy Research, 14, 63–72.

  • Rudrud, E., & Striefel, S. (1981). Eight to twelve hertz occipital EEG training with moderate and severely retarded epileptic individuals. Australian Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 7(4), 173–179.

  • Seifert, A. R.,& Lubar, J. F. (1975). Reduction of epileptic seizures through EEG biofeedback training. Biological Psychology, 3, 157–184.

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  • Sterman, M. B. (1977). Effects of sensorimotor EEG feedback on sleep and clinical manifestations of epilepsy. Chapter in J. Beatty & H. Legewie (Eds.), Biofeedback and Behavior. New York: Plenum, pp. 167–200.

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Epilepsy


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  • Caria, A., Veit, R., Sitaram, R., Lotze, M., Weiskopf, N., Grodd, W. & Birbaumer, N. (2007). Regulation of anterior insular cortex activity using real-time fMRI. Neuroimage, 35, 1238–1246.

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  • Rota, G., Sitaram, R., Veit, R., Erb, M., Weiskopf, N., Dogil, G. & Birbaumer, N. (2009). Self-regulation of regional cortical activity using real-time fMRI: The right inferior frontal gyrus and linguistic processing. Human Brain Mapping, 30, 1605–1614.

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Functional MRI Neurofeedback


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Medical Conditions


  • Hammond, D. C. (2003). QEEG-guided neurofeedback in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Neurotherapy, 7(2), 25–52.
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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder


  • Cordelia, R., Anderson, J.S (2012). Evaluation of neurofeedback training in the treatment of parkinson’s disease: A pilot study. Journal of Neurotherapy.

  • Dogris, N, J. (2012). The effect of neurofield pusled EMF on parkinson’s disease symptoms and QEEG. Jornal of neurotherapy

  • Thompson, M., & Thompson, L. (2002). Biofeedback for movement disorders (dystonia with Parkinson's disease): Theory and preliminary results. Journal of Neurotherapy, 6(4), 51–70.

Parkinson's Dystonia


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  • Boynton, T. (2001). Applied research using alpha/theta training for enhancing creativity and well-being. Journal of Neurotherapy, 5(1–2), 5–18.

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Optimal Functioning and Peak Performance 


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Post Traumatic Stress Disorder


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  • Sime, A. (2004). Case study of trigeminal neuralgia using neurofeedback and peripheral biofeedback. Journal of Neurotherapy, 8(1), 59–71.

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Pain and Headache


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  • Thomasson, F. & Arns, M. (2010) Are the effects of rTMS in Parkinson's disease clinically relevant? Journal of Neurotherapy, 14(2), 96–101.

  • Richardson, J., Fillmore, P., Datta, A., Truong, D., Bikson, M., Fridriksson, J. (2014). Toward Development of Sham Protocols for High-Definition Trans-Cranial Direct Current Stimulation (HD-tCDS). Journal of NeuroRegulation, 1(1) 62-72.

rTMS and tDCS


  • Bolea, A. S. (2010). Neurofeedback treatment of chronic inpatient schizophrenia. Journal of Neurotherapy, 14(1), 47–54.

  • Gruzelier, J. (2000). Self regulation of electrocortical activity in schizophrenia and schizotypy: A review. Clinical Electroencephalography, 31(1), 23–29.

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Schizophrenia


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  • Sterman, M. B., Howe, R. D., & Macdonald, L. R. (1970). Facilitation of spindle-burst sleep by conditioning of electroencephalographic activity while awake. Science, 167, 1146–1148.

Sleep


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Slow Cortical Potential (SCP)


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  • Nelson, D., & Esty, M. (2012). Neurotherapy of traumatic brain injury/posttrumatic stress symptoms in oef/oif veterans. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 24(2), 237-240.

  • Putman, J. A., (2002). EEG biofeedback on a female stroke patient with depression: A case study. Journal of Neurotherapy, 5(3), 27–38.

  • Rozelle, G. R., & Budzynski, T. H. (1995). Neurotherapy for stroke rehabilitation: A single case study. Biofeedback & Self-Regulation, 20(3), 211–228.

  • Schoenberger, N. E., Shiflett, S. C., Esty, M. L., Ochs, L., & Matheis, R. J. (2001). Flexyx neurotherapy system in the treatment of traumatic brain injury: An initial evaluation. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 16(3), 260–274.

  • Swatzyna, R.J. (2009). The Elusive Nature of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Biofeedback, 37(3): 92-95.

  • Thatcher, R. W. (2000). EEG operant conditioning (biofeedback) and traumatic brain injury. Clinical Electroencephalography, 31(1), 38–44.

  • Thornton, K. (2000). Improvement/rehabilitation of memory functioning with neurotherapy/QEEG biofeedback. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 15(6), 12851296.

  • Thornton, K. (2002) The improvement/rehabilitation of auditory memory functioning with EEG biofeedback. Neurorehabilitation, 17(1), 69–81.

  • Thornton, K. E., & Carmody, D. P. (2005). Electroencephalogram biofeedback for reading disability and traumatic brain injury. Child & Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 14(1), 137–162.

  • Thornton, K. E., & Carmody, D. P. (2008). Efficacy of traumatic brain injury rehabilitation: Interventions of QEEG-guided biofeedback, computers, strategies, and medications. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 33(2), 101–124.

  • Tinius, T. P., & Tinius, K. A. (2001). Changes after EEG biofeedback and cognitive retraining in adults with mild traumatic brain injury and attention deficit disorder. Journal of Neurotherapy, 4(2), 27–44.

  • Walker, J. E. (2007). A neurologist’s experience with QEEG-guided neurofeedback following brain injury. Chapter in J. R. Evans (Ed.), Handbook of Neurofeedback. Binghampton, NY: Haworth Medical Press, 353–361.

  • Wing, K. (2001). Effect of neurofeedback on motor recovery of a patient with brain injury: A case study and its implications for stroke rehabilitation. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 8(3), 45–53.

  • Yoo, S. S., & Jolesz, F. A. (2002). Functional MRI for neurofeedback: feasibility study on a hand motor task. Neuroreport, 13, 1377–1381.

Traumatic Brain Injury, Stroke, Coma and Cerebral Palsy 


  • Aguilar-Prinsloo, S., Lyle, R. (2010). Client perception of the neurofeedback experience: The untold perspective. Journal of Neurotherapy, 14(1), 55–60.

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  • Balconi, M. (2012). Encoding of emotional facial expression in direct and incidental tasks: An event-related potentials N200 effect. Journal of Neurotherapy.

  • Black, L.M., Hudspeth, W.J., Townsend, A.L., Bodenhamer-Davis, E. (2008). EEG connectivity patterns in childhood sexual abuse: A multivariate application considering curvature of brain space. Journal of Neurotherapy, 12(2–3), Pages 141–160.

  • Budzynski, T. H., Budzynski, H., K., Evans, J. R., Abarbanel, A. (2009). Introduction to quantitative EEG and neurofeedback: Advanced theory and applications. Elsevier Science.

  • Butnik, S. M. (2005). Neurofeedback in adolescents and adults with attention deficit disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 61(5), 621–625.

  • Coben, R., Hudspeth, W.J. (2008). Introduction to advances in EEG connectivity. Journal of Neurotherapy, 12(2–3), 93–98.

  • Coben, R., & Myers, T. E. (2008). Connectivity theory of autism: Use of connectivity measures in assessing and treating autistic disorders. Journal of Neurotherapy, 12(2-3), 161–179.

  • Collura, T. (2008). Toward a coherent view of brain connectivity. Journal of Neurotherapy, 12(2–3), 99–110.

  • Egner, T., Zech, T. F., & Gruzelier, J. H. (2004). The effects of neurofeedback training on the spectral topography of the electroencephalogram. Clinical Neurophysiology, 115, 2452–2460.

  • Egner, T., & Gruzelier, J. H. (2004). The temporal dynamics of electrode encephalographic responses to alpha/theta neurofeedback training in healthy subjects. Journal of Neurotherapy, 8(1), 43–57.

  • Egner, T., Strawson, E., & Gruzelier, J. H. (2002). EEG signature and phenomenology of alpha/theta neurofeedback training versus mock feedback. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 27(4), 261–270.

  • Egner, T., & Sterman, M. B. (2006). Neurofeedback treatment of epilepsy: From basic rationale to practical application. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 6(2), 247–257.

  • Fehmi, L. G., & Collura, T. (2007). Effects of electrode placement upon EEG biofeedback training: The monopolar-bipolar controversy. Journal of Neurotherapy, 11(2), 45–63.

  • Fehmi, L. G. (2007). Multichannel EEG phase synchrony training and verbally guided attention training for disorders of attention. Chapter in J. R. Evans (Ed.), Handbook of Neurofeedback, Binghampton, NY: Haworth Medical Press, pp. 301–319

  • Fehmi, L. G., & Sundor, A. (1989). The effects of electrode placement upon EEG biofeedback training: The monopolar-bipolar controversy. International Journal of Psychosomatics, 36(1–4), 23–33.

  • Fox, D. J., Tharp, D. F., & Fox, L. C. (2005). Neurofeedback: An alternative and efficacious treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 30(4), 365–274.

  • Grechko, O., Gontar, V. (2009). Visual stimuli generated by biochemical reactions discrete chaotic dynamics as a basis for neurofeedback. Journal of Neurotherapy, 13(1), 30–40.

  • Gruzelier, J., & Egner, T. (2005). Critical validation studies of neurofeedback. Child & Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 14(1), 83–104.

  • Gruzelier, J. (2009). A theory of alpha/theta neurofeedback, creative performance enhancement, long distance functional connectivity and psychological integration. Cognitive Processing, 10 (Suppl 1), S101–109.

  • Hammond, D. C., Walker, J., Hoffman, D., Lubar, J. F., Trudeau, D., Gurnee, R., & Horvat, J. (2004). Standards for the use of quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) in neurofeedback: A position paper of the International Society for Neuronal Regulation. Journal of Neurotherapy, 8(1), 5–27.

  • Hammond, D. C. (2005). Temporal lobes and their importance in neurofeedback. Journal of Neurotherapy, 9(1), 67–87.

  • Hammond, D. C. (2006). What is neurofeedback? Journal of Neurotherapy, 10(4), 25–36.

  • Hammond, D. C. (2007). Comprehensive neurofeedback bibliography: 2007 update. Journal of Neurotherapy, 11(3), 45–60.

  • Heinrich, H., Gevensleben, H., & Strehl, U. (2007). Annotation: Neurofeedback—Train your brain to train behaviour. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48, 3–16.

  • Hirshberg, L. M. (2007). Place of electroencephalographic biofeedback for attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 7(4), 315–319.

  • Holtmann, M., Stadler, C., Leins, U., Strehl, U., Birbaumer, N.,& Poustka, F. (2004). Neurofeedback for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in childhood and adolescence. Zeitschrift fur Kinder-und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, 32(3), 187–200.

  • Horvat, J. J. (2007). Coherence and the quirks of coherence/phase training: A clinical perspective. Chapter in J. R. Evans (Ed.), Handbook of Neurofeedback. Binghampton, NY: Haworth Medical Press, pp. 213–227.

  • Ibric, V.L., Dragomirescu, L.G., Hudspeth, W.J. (2009). Real-time changes in connectivities during neurofeedback. Journal of Neurotherapy, 13(3), 156–165.

  • Joffe, D. (2008). Connectivity assessment and training: A partial directed coherence approach. Journal of Neurotherapy, 12(2–3), 111–122.

  • Johnson, M.L., Bodenhamer-Davis, E. (2009). QEEG-based protocol selection: A study of level of agreement on sites, sequences, and rationales among a group of experienced QEEG-based neurofeedback practitioners. Journal of Neurotherapy, 13(1), 41–66.

  • Kaiser, D. A. (2006). What is quantitative EEG? Journal of Neurotherapy, 10(4), 2536.

  • Kaiser, D. A. (2008). Functional connectivity and aging: Comodulation and coherence differences. Journal of Neurotherapy, 12(2–3), 123–139.

  • Kirk, L. (2007). Neurofeedback protocols for subtypes of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Chapter in J. R. Evans (Ed.), Handbook of Neurofeedback. Binghampton, NY: Haworth Medical Press, pp. 267–299.

  • Krigbaum, G & Wigton, N (2014). When Discussing Neurofeedback, Does Modality Matter?. Journal of NeuroRegulation, 1(1), 48-60.

  • Larson, J., Apa, B., Sheehan, L. L., Cothran, T. P, & O'Neill, K. (2014), Quality of Work Life Factors for Mental Health Therapists Providing Neurofeedback. Journal of NeuroRegulation, 1(2), 151-164. 

  • Larson, J., Ryan, C., Baerentzen, M. (2010). Practitioner perspectives of neurofeedback therapy for mental health and physiological disorders. Journal of Neurotherapy, 14(4), 280–290.

  • Larson, J., Sheehan, L., Cothran, T. P., O'Neill, K., & Apa, B. (2014) Neurofeedback Practicioner Factors Related to Client Adherence. Journal of NeuroRegulation, 1(1) 73-85.

  • Llewellyn Smith, M., Collura, T. F, Ferrera, J., & de Vries, J. (2014) Infro-slow Fluctuation Training in Clinical Practice: A Technical History. Journal of NeuroRegulation, 1(2), 187-207.

  • Lubar, J. F. (1991). Discourse on the development of EEG diagnostics and biofeedback for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders. Biofeedback & Self-Regulation, 16(3), 201225.

  • Lubar, J. F. (1997). Neocortical dynamics: Implications for understanding the role of neurofeedback and related techniques for the enhancement of attention. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 22(2), 111–126.

  • Lubar, J. F. (2003). Neurofeedback for the management of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders. Chapter in M. S. Schwartz & F. Andrasik (Eds.), Biofeedback: A Practitioner's Guide (Third Edition). New York, Guilford, 409–437.

  • Monastra, V. J. (2003). Clinical applications of electroencephalographic biofeedback. Chapter in M. S. Schwartz & F. Andrasik (Eds.), Biofeedback: A Practitioner's Guide (Third Edition). New York, Guilford, 438–463.

  • Monastra, V. J. (2005). Electroencephalographic biofeedback (neurotherapy) as a treatment for attention deficit disorder: Rational and empirical foundation. Child & Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 14(1), 53–82.

  • Monastra, V. J., Lynn, S., Linden, M., Lubar, J. F., Gruzelier, J., & LaVaque, T. J. (2005). Electroencephalographic biofeedback in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 30(2), 95–114.

  • Moore, J. P., Trudeau, D. L., Thuras, P. D., Rubin, Y., Stockley, H., & Dimond, T. (2000). Comparison of alpha-theta, alpha and EMG neurofeedback in the production of alpha-theta crossover and the occurrence of visualizations. Journal of Neurotherapy, 4(1), 2942.

  • Myers, J. & Young, J. S. (2012). Brain wave biofeedback: Benefits of integrating neurofeedback in counseling. Journal of Counseling and Development. 90(1), 20-29.

  • Nelson, L. A. (2003). Neurotherapy and the challenge of empirical support: A call for a neurotherapy practice research network. Journal of Neurotherapy, 7(2), 53–67.

  • Othmer, S. (2005). Interhemispheric EEG training. Journal of Neurotherapy, 9(2), 87–96.

  • Othmer, S., Othmer, S.F., Legarda, S. (2011). Clinical Neurofeedback: Training Brain Behavior. Treatment Strategies—Pediatric Neurology and Psychiatry, 2(1):67-73

  • Pineda, J. A., Silverman, D. S., Vankov, A., & Hestenes, J. (2003). Learning to control brain rhythms: making a brain-computer interface possible. Neural Systems & Rehabilitation Engineering, IEEE Transactions, 11(2), 181–184.

  • Raymond, J., Varney, C., Parkinson, L. A., & Gruzelier, J.H. (2005). The effects of alpha/theta neurofeedback on personality and mood. Brain Research & Cognitive Brain Research, 23(2–3), 287–292.

  • Richardson, J., Fillmore, P., Datta, A., Truong, D., Bikson, M., Fridriksson, J. (2014). Toward Development of Sham Protocols for High-Definition Trans-Cranial Direct Current Stimulation (HD-tCDS). Journal of NeuroRegulation, 1(1) 62-72.

  • Rossiter, T. R. (2004). The effectiveness of neurofeedback and stimulant drugs in treating AD/HD: Part I. Review of methodological issues. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 29(2), 135–140.

  • Sams, M. W., (1995). Mathematically derived frequency correlates in cerebral function: Theoretical and clinical implications for neurofeedback treatment. Journal of Neurotherapy, 1(2), 1–14.

  • Sherlin, L., Arns, M., Lubar, J., & Sokhadze, E. (2010). A position paper on neurofeedback for the treatment of ADHD. Journal of Neurotherapy, 14(2), 66–78.

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  • Stankus, T. (2008). Can the brain be trained? Comparing the literature on the use of EEG biofeedback/neurofeedback as an alternative or complementary therapy for attention deficit disorder (ADHD). Behavioral & Social Sciences Librarian, 26(4), 20–56.

  • Sterman, M. B., & Egner, T. (2006). Foundation and practice of neurofeedback for the treatment of epilepsy. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 31(1), 21–36.

  • Strehl, U. (2009) Slow cortical potentials neurofeedback. Journal of Neurotherapy, 13(2), 117–126.

  • Strehl U (2014) What learning theories can teach us in designing neurofeedback treatments. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 8:894. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00894

  • Strehl, U., Leins, U., Goth, G., Klinger, C., Hinterberger, T., and Birbaumer, N. (2006). Self-regulation of slow cortical potentials: A new treatment for children with attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics, 118, 1530–1540.

  • Strehl, U., Trevorrow, T., Veit, R., Hinterberger, T., Kotchoubey, B., Erb, M., & Birbaumer, N. (2006). Deactivation of brain areas during self-regulation of slow cortical potentials in seizure patients. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 31(1), 85–94

  • Swatzyna, R.J., Tarnow, J.D., Tannous, J., Schieszler, C., Pillai, V.J. & Kozlowski, G.P. (2014). EEG/QEEG Technology Identifies Neurobiomarkers Critical to Medication Selection and Treatment: A Preliminary Study. Journal of Psychology and Clinical Psychiatry.

  • Swatzyna, R.J., Kozlowski, G.P. & Tarnow, J.D. (2015). Pharmaco-EEG: A Study of Individualized Medicine in Clinical Practice. Clinical EEG and Neuroscience.  Vol. 46(3) 192-196: DOI: 10.1177/15500594|4556|20

  • Tan G, Thornby J, Hammond DC, Strehl U, Canady B, Arnemann K, & Kaiser DA (2009/in press). Meta-analysis of EEG biofeedback in treating epilepsy. Clinical EEG and Neuroscience, 40 (3).

  • Thatcher, R. W. (2010). Validity and reliability of quantitative electroencephalography. Journal of Neurotherapy,14(2), 122–152.

  • Thomas, James L. (2012). Neurofeedback: A new modality for treating brain problems. Archives of Medical Psychology, 3(1), 21-35.

  • Thornton, K. (2001). Electrophysiology of auditory memory of paragraphs towards a projection/activation theory of the mind. Journal of Neurotherapy, 4(3), 45–72.

  • Thornton, K.E., Carmody, D.P. (2009). Eyes-closed and activation QEEG databases in predicting cognitive effectiveness and the inefficiency hypothesis. Journal of Neurotherapy, 13(1), 1–21.

  • Thornton, K. E., & Carmody, D. P. (2009). Traumatic brain injury rehabilitation: QEEG biofeedback treatment protocols. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 34(1), 5968.

  • Thornton, K. E., & Carmody, D. P. (2009). Traumatic brain injury rehabilitation: QEEG biofeedback treatment protocols. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 34, 59–68.

  • Thorton, Kirtley, E. Carmodly, D, P. (2012). Symbol digit and quantitative EEG. Journal of Neurotherapy

  • Vernon, D., Frick, A., & Gruzelier, J. (2004). Neurofeedback as a treatment for ADHD: A methodological review with implications for future research. Journal of Neurotherapy, 8(2), 53–82.

  • Walker, J. E., & Horvat, J. (2010). Is it better to train power first or coherence first? Journal of Neurotherapy, 14(2), 102–106.

  • Walker, J. (2004). A neurologist’s advice for mental health professionals on the use of QEEG and neurofeedback. Journal of Neurotherapy, 8(2), 97–103.

  • Walker, J. E., Kozlowski, G. P., & Lawson, R. (2007). A modular activation/coherence approach to evaluating clinical/QEEG correlations and for guiding neurofeedback training: Modular insufficiencies, modular excesses, disconnections, and hyperconnnections. Journal of Neurotherapy, 11(1), 25–44.

Theoretical, Conceptual, Standards, and Review Articles 


  • Tansey, M. A. (1986). A simple and a complex tic (Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome): Their response to EEG sensorimotor rhythm biofeedback training. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 4(2), 91–97.

Tourette's Syndrome 


  • Collura, T. F., Guan, J., Tarrant, J., Bailey, J., & Starr, F. (2010). EEG biofeedback case studies using live Z-score training and a normative database. Journal of Neurotherapy, 14(1), 22–46.

  • Collura, T. F. (2009). Neuronal dynamics in relation to normative electroencephalography assessment and training. Biofeedback, 36, 134–139.

  • Frey, L.C., Koberda J.L. (2015). LORETA Z-score neurofeedback in patients with medically refractory epilepsy. Journal of Neurology and Neurobiology, 1(1). doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.16966/noa.102

  • Hammer, B.U., Colbert, A.P., Brown, K.A. and Ilioi, E. C. (2011). Neurofeedback for Insomnia: A Pilot Study of Z-Score SMR and Individualized Protocols. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, DOI 10.1007/s10484-011-9165-y

  • Koberda, J.L. (2011). Clinical advtabges of quantitative electroencephalogram (QEEG) application in general neurology ractice. Neuroscience Letters, 500(Suppl.), e32.

  • Koberda, J.L, Moses, A., Koberda, L. and Koberda, P. (2012). Cognitive enhancement using 19-Electrode Z-score neurofeedback. Journal of Neurotherapy, 16(3): 224-230.

  • Koberda, J.L, Hiller, D.S., Jones, B., Moses, A., and Koberda, L. (2012). Application of Neurofeedback in general neurology practice. Journal of Neurotherapy, 16(3): 231-234.

  • Koberda, J.L. (2014). Neuromodulation-An Emerging Therapeutic Modality in Neurology. Journal of Neurology and Stroke 2014, 1(4): 00027

  • Koberda J, L. and Stodolska-Koberda U (2014). Z-score LORETA Neurofeedback as a Potential Rehabilitation Modality in Patients with CVA. Journal of Neurology and Stroke 1(5): 00029.

  • Koberda, J.L. et al. 2012. Cognitive enhancement using 19-electrode Z-score Neurofeedback. Journal of Neurotherapy 3.

  • Koberda JL, Koberda P, Bienkiewicz A, Moses A, Koberda L. Pain Management Using 19-Electrode Z-Score LORETA Neurofeedback. Journal of Neurotherapy, 2013, 17:3, 179-190.

  • Koberda,J.L. (2012). Comparison of the effectiveness of Z-score Surface/LORETA 19- electrode Neurofeedback to standard 1-electrode Neurofeedback- Journal of Neurotherapy.

  • Kodebra, J. L. (2015). LORETA z-score neurofeedback-effectiveness in rehabilitation of patients suffering from traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neurology and Neurobiology, 1 (4). doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.16966/2379-7150.113

  • Koberda, J. L., Koberda, P., Moses, A., Winslow, J., Bienkiewicz, A., Koberda, L. (2014). Z-score LORETA neurofeedback as a potential therapy for ADHD. Biofeedback, 42(2), 74-81. doi: 10.5298/1081-5937-42.2.05

  • Koberda, J. L. (2014). Z-score LORETA neurofeedback as a potential therapy in cognitive dysfunction and dementia. Journal of Psychology & Clinical Psychiatry, 1(6). doi: 10.15406/jpcpy.2014.01.00037

  • Koberda, J. L., Frey L. C. (2015). Z-score LORETA neurofeedback as a potential therapy for patients with seizures and refractory epilepsy. Journal of Neurology and Neurobiology, 1(1) doi: http://dx.doi. org/10.16966/noa.101\

  • Krigbaum, G., Wigton, N. (2015). A methodology of analysis for monitoring treatment progression with 19-channel z-score neurofeedback (19ZNF) in a single-subject design. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 40(3), 139-149. doi: 10.1007/s10484-015-9274-

  • Thompson, M., Thompson, L., & Reid, A. (2010). Functional Neuroanatomy and the Rationale for Using EEG Biofeedback for Clients with Asperger’s Syndrome. Journal of Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 35(1), 39-61. 

  • Thatcher, R.W. (2013): Latest Developments in Live Z-Score Training: Symptom Check List, Phase Reset, and Loreta Z-Score Biofeedback, Journal of Neurotherapy, 17(1), 69- 87.

  • Thatcher, R.W. (2013). Latest Developments in Live Z-Score Training: Symptom Check List, Phase Reset, and Loreta Z-Score Biofeedback. Version of record first published: Journal of Neurotherapy. 17(1)

  • Wigton, N.L. (2013) Clinical Perspectives of 19-Channel Z-Score Neurofeedback: Benefits and Limitations, Journal of Neurotherapy, 17(4), 259-264. 

Z-Score Neurofeedback